Ancestor Communities

On May 1, DNA Consultants introduced its new forensic ancestry test, Basic Haplotype Test. Here is the[url]description https://dnaconsultants.com/product/our- ... type-test/[/url] from our website.

It has been said, “Every part of DNA has meaning… if only we could read it.” With the Basic Haplotype Test, we are beginning to understand a previously neglected measure of human diversity. Many haplotypes used to be thought neutral in nature. But the stories they are now divulging are nothing short of fascinating. This new industry-first is a “must-have” for the serious ancestry enthusiast.

Haplotypes are not just a scientific term; they are a window into your past, a connection to the very strands of DNA that make you unique. A haplotype is a group of genes inherited from a single parent, closely linked on the same chromosome, and typically passed down together through generations. This precise configuration of DNA variations, or alleles, offers an invaluable tool for anyone looking to delve into their genetic ancestry.

Haplotypes are especially critical in ancestry testing because they change very little across generations. They provide direct insights into your deep ancestral roots, showing connections to ancient populations and migration patterns that have shaped the human race. It's not just about looking back—it's about understanding how these journeys have influenced who you are today.

Why Choose Our Exclusive Basic Haplotype Test?

The First DNA Test of Its Kind with Specific Features:

1. Trace Deeper Ancestral Roots
- Our Basic Haplotype Test is groundbreaking in its ability to reveal the migrations and movements of your ancestors, offering a clearer picture of your heritage that goes far beyond historical records. This test is the first to provide such a deep dive into how your DNA traveled across continents through millennia.

2. Connect with Genetic Communities
- By understanding your haplotypes, you can connect with genetic communities worldwide. These communities consist of individuals who share similar DNA strands, offering you a unique opportunity to explore your cultural and historical backgrounds. This connection could lead to meaningful discoveries about your family’s past.

3. Discover Rare Genetic Links
- Haplotypes can pinpoint incredibly specific and sometimes rare genetic links that traditional genealogical research might miss. This can include connections to small, isolated populations or even ancient tribes, giving you a unique perspective on your heritage.

4. Highly Accurate and Scientifically Validated
- Our methodologies are grounded in robust scientific research and utilize advanced technologies like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for precise DNA analysis. This ensures the results are both highly reliable and scientifically validated, giving you confidence in the insights you gain.

5. Secure and Confidential
- We prioritize your privacy with stringent data protection measures. Your genetic information is handled with the utmost confidentiality, ensuring that your ancestral exploration is secure and private.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What makes the Basic Haplotype DNA Test different from other ancestry tests available on the market?
The Basic Haplotype DNA Test stands apart due to its focus on analyzing specific haplotypes, which are unique combinations of DNA inherited from a single parent. Unlike broader ancestry tests, our test provides deeper insights into your genetic makeup by pinpointing detailed ancestral origins and migration patterns. This level of specificity offers a more granular look at your genetic history, helping to identify connections to ancient populations that other tests might miss.

I've already taken a DNA test with another company. What additional information can the Basic Haplotype DNA Test provide?
If you've already undergone DNA testing with another company, our Basic Haplotype DNA Test can still offer significant new insights. Our test focuses on a detailed analysis of your haplotypes, providing information that standard tests do not cover. Importantly, we do not use results from other companies; conducting our test will give you a unique set of data based on our specific testing protocols, ensuring precise and complementary insights into your ancestry that can enhance and refine your understanding of your genealogical connections.

How can understanding my haplotypes help me with my genealogical research?

Understanding your haplotypes can greatly enhance your genealogical research by providing a precise breakdown of your genetic lineages. Haplotypes remain relatively stable over generations, making them a reliable source for tracing ancestry. This can help you identify and confirm relationships and ancestral origins with greater accuracy. Additionally, by knowing your specific haplotypes, you can connect with distant relatives and genetic communities that share similar DNA, thus expanding your family tree and enhancing your cultural and historical understanding.

Is there an upgrade option available for those who already purchased a test from DNA Consultants?

Yes. The Basic Haplotype Test is based on the same DNA profile used for our DNA fingerprint family of tests, so if you have ordered any of these from us in the past you do not have to be re-sampled but can select the Basic Haplotype Test Report-Only Version. This saves you time and money and you can get your results in two weeks (four business days with a rush added).

Can I use my GEDmatch or whole genome results?

No. The Basic Haplotype Test is not compatible. It requires a 16-loci STR profile. It has nothing to do with SNPs or sex-linked data.

How can only a handful of markers yield accurate and meaningful results?

By the law of large numbers, mutational rates and principles of statistics. Even though human DNA is composed of 3.2 million nucleotide positions divided into 24 chromosomes of varying length, your individual autosomal profile with 16 biallelic loci (32 single alleles or haplotypes) is a simple representative profile of your entire genetic inheritance, half coming from your mother, half from your father. Because of the extremely slow rate of mutation, the time depth for analysis of this ancestry is about 5000 to 10,000 years ago. Our forensic database has the desirable statistical qualities of uniformity, comprehensiveness and validity. It contains the reported STR frequencies of nearly 500 populations around the world, virtually the entire universe of possible matches. This allows deductions and perspectives on global biogeographical factors since Earth’s last Ice Age, before recorded history.

Are there any associated products I can order?

Our Rare Genes from History product has a certain amount of overlap with the Basic Haplotype Test. Any Rare Gene from History we detect for you within the basic range will be noted in your haplotype results. An Extended Haplotype Test with 14 loci is planned for 2025. In the meantime, you can commission a Single Haplotype Report for any desired allele of interest in your profile, for instance D3=14 (Scottish?) or FGA=22 (Borneo Dyak?). This will give you a distribution map, top matches and narrative similar to those published on our website for the Helen Gene, King Tut Gene and all other Rare Genes from History. You can also order a Deluxe Certificate with your total haplotype panel or highlighting any individual haplotype.

Here is a bit of background and some unformated sample results. You can download a complete sample report in color on the product page on site: https://dnaconsultants.com/wp-content/u ... Sample.pdf

Method
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from a specimen submitted to our accredited laboratory. Several different locations on separate chromosomes were used to create a genetic profile for the individual. Specifically, distinct genetic systems (loci) were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Nine standard CoDIS markers were tested, and the subject’s variations (alleles) were determined. A basic autosomal DNA profile with nine sub-profiles was thus constructed. This unique personal “DNA fingerprint” was analyzed in our computer program atDNA 11.1 to generate the subject’s individual haplotypes, along with a frequency occurrence throughout the world.

Based on the observed scientific evidence, it is concluded, for practical purposes, that the chance is 1 in one quadrillion for a random person in the general population other than the subject tested to have a combination of haplotypes identical to those provided in this report. Statistical analysis for these haplotypes is more than 99.9% reliable. Rare alleles are shown in red. The validity of population matches and ethnicities is the same as the reference samples published in forensic science literature—extremely high.

Your Unique Haplotypes

Locus
Alleles
Frequency of Occurrence in World (%)
Range
(in number of repeats)
A B A B
D8S1179 13 13 7.3 7 – 24
D21S11 29 30 21.5 24.9 12 – 41.2
D7S820 11 12 26.4 24.9 5 – 17
D3S1358 14 15 7.6 33.1 9 – 21.1
D13S317 8 10 13.4 8.7 5 – 17
VWA 17 18 26.4 18 8 – 24
D18S51 12 14 9.8 17.7 7 – 31
D5S818 11 11 11.7% 6 – 17
FGA 22 24 16.1 16.0 6 – 48.2




Definitions
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are the basis of your test. They are segments of DNA with repeat units differing person to person and population to population. Variation in their repeats (alleles) makes them a useful tool for performing individual human identification, ancestry comparisons, ethnic composition and many other purposes.

A haplotype is a variation on a single chromosome or genetic system that can be easily inherited. The exact variant is passed down and shared by all others who have that variation at that location. Because of the stability of DNA from generation to generation, all instances of the haplotype come from a common ancestor, the first human to possess that particular mutation. Ultimately, as the Lakota Sioux Indians say, “We are all related.” Haplotypes are spread all over the world. Thus we speak of the “Polynesian haplotype,” a single-point mutation in the mitochondrial B haplogroup shown to be protective against malaria. This motif was identified by Stephen Oppenheimer in New Guinea in 1980. It has a high incidence in Polynesians and Southeast Asians but also Mediterranean peoples and American Indians. The patterns of its frequency and distribution document prehistoric travels, colonization efforts and migrations.

The mutation rate of STRs is about the same as for mitochondrial DNA—virtually unchanging. The time depth is very deep. A haplotype usually reflects the last 5,000 years or more, since the end of the last Ice Age before the beginning of recorded history.

Your Autosomal Alleles
It used to be thought that STRs were non-coding in nature. While useful as identification markers, they were, generally speaking, neutral in nature. They didn’t actually “do” anything. But in 2007, a team of population geneticists at the University of California at Davis discovered otherwise. It seemed that a repeat of 9 at the location known as D9S1120 was present in Native Americans at an average frequency of around 30%. It was absent in other populations. Thus it qualified as “a private allele ubiquitous in the Americas.” Later, a list of private alleles specific to American Indian tribes was published.

It was not until 2020 that researchers discovered STRs had associations with health risks. For instance, about a quarter of the population have a reading of 6 at the location THO1. If you have 10 repeats on that location, you are in a tiny minority. Only 0.8% of people have this rare allele. But in this small group, there is a risk factor for male impulsive violent behavior, one admittedly small, but clinically important. This same marker, abbreviated THO1=10, is the same as the Sundaland Gene. In fact, all 33 of the Rare Genes from History are based on single STR haplotypes. They will be noted in your report if present.

Increasingly, STR haplotypes are being reviewed and catalogued much like genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in medicine. They represent the disentangled strains of your biogeographical diversity as a human being. In genetic genealogy, they are the cutting edge. 
Your Leading Population Matches

As in your charts for your DNA fingerprint results, at any given locus, you receive one allele from your mother and one from your father. Siblings can receive a slightly different array because each parent also has two alleles. Every biallelic chart represents a 50-50 combination of both parents’ ancestry. These alleles are termed allele A and allele B, though outwardly they are not aligned by parent. Only if you get a double allele can you be sure it comes from mother and father. Still, overall, half your haplotypes are genes representative of your father’s ancestry, half, your mother’s. For more information, references, and photos of any given ancestry, click on the link or see All Populations. Rare ancestries are in red.

Locus Leading Matches
A B
D8S1179 Russia – Yakut (n=58) 57%, Caucasus (Metapop)., North Asian (Megapop)


D21S11 Russia – Yakut (n=58) 43.3%, Egyptian. North Asia U.S./Mex. – Kumeyay/Digueno Indians (n=15) 76.7%, Evenk (Meta), North Asian (Mega)

D7S820 Romani- Northwestern Croatia (n=100) 64.5%, Romani (Meta, Mega)
Mexico – Mexicaneros – Durange (n=84) 50.6%, Chinese Chaozhou (Meta), American Indian (Mega)
D3S1358 Java (n=60) 58.3%, Scottish (Mega), European American (Mega) Canada- Northwest Territories – Dogrib (n=6) 83.3%, Native American (Meta), American Indian (Mega)
D13S317 Vietnamese – British Columbia (n=50) 38%, Borneo Dyak (Meta) Australoid (Mega)
India – Indo-Mongoloid – Garo (n=110) 50.1%, Taiwanese Aboriginal (Meta), American Indian (Mega)
VWA Canada- Northwest Territories – Dogrib (n=6) 58.3%, Melungeon (Mega), Melungeon (Mega) Taiwan – Atayal (n=25) 42%, Taiwanese Aboriginal (Meta), Central European (Mega)
D18S51 Mississippi Choctaw Indians (n=7) 28.6%, Basque (Meta), Melungeon (Mega)
South Dakota – Sioux Indians (n=5) 60%, Taiwanese Aboriginal (Meta), North Asian (Mega)
D5S818 Mexico – Oaxaca – Zoque (n=32) 72.9%, Turkic (Mega), American Indian (Mega) 11, 11 = 11.7%

FGA Bhutia, India (n=75) 51.5, Borneo Dyak (Meta), Melungeon (Mega) Kumeyay/Diegueno Indians (n=15) 46.7%, Evenk (Meta), North Asian (Mega)


The following chart summarizes your best metapopulation and megapopulation matches for each intertwined global lineage in your DNA profile. Together, these biogeographical results help define your personal ethnic mix. Our database contains data of roughly every single forensic scientific study published in the whole world since 1995—more than 400 papers in learned journals. As a statistical tool, atDNA satisfies the highest standards of comprehensiveness, accuracy, reliability and validity. A metapopulation can be thought of as constituent populations within a country. By definition, a megapopulation contains STR frequencies for a larger unit, for instance an entire continent or ethnic bloc.

Your Biogeographical Results

Locus Top Metapopulation
Top Megapopulation
A B A B
D8S1179 Caucasus North Asian
D21S11 Egyptian Evenk North Asian North Asian
D7S820 Romani Chaozhou Chinese Romani American Indian
D3S1358 Scottish Native American European American American Indian
D13S317 Borneo Dyak Taiwanese Aboriginal Australoid American Indian
VWA Melungeon Taiwanese Aboriginal Melungeon Central European
D18S51 Basque Taiwanese Aboriginal Melungeon North Asian
D5S818 Turkic American Indian
FGA Borneo Dyak Evenk Melungeon North Asian

Conclusion
The subject shows five haplotypes of rare occurrence in the world (in red). These haplotypes can be expected to run in the extended family. There were no private alleles found. The nine genetic systems studied combine matches from the Caucasus, Egypt, Gypsies, China, American Indians, Scotland, Vietnamese, Borneo, India, Australoids, Melungeons, Taiwanese Aboriginals, Central Europe, Basque, the Turkic region of Eurasia and North Asia. The subject carries the following Rare Genes from History: the Ancient One, Denisovan, Lake Baikal and Crazy Horse.

Donald N. Yates, Ph. D.
Principal Investigator
DNA Consultants
April 23, 2024

References
1. Butler, John M. (2010). Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Authoritative treatment endorsed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
2. Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca and Francesco Cavalli-Sforza (1995). The Great Human Diasporas. New York: Basic. Wonderful, readable classic on human genetics and prehistory by father and son.
3. “Evolution and Ancestry: DNA Mutation Rates,” blog post, Oct. 25, 2012.
4. Jones, Martin, Unlocking the Past: How Archaeologists Are Rewriting Human History with Ancient DNA (New York: Arcade, 2016).
5. “Junk DNA? We Don’t Think So,” blog post Jan. 14, 2013.
6. Kanthaswamy, S. et al., “The Enhancement of the Native American CODIS STR Database for Use in Forensic Casework,” Office of Justice Programs, NCJ 253079 (2016) 17 pp.
7. National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science, “DNA Technology in Forensic Science,” (Washington: National Academies Press, 1992). Fundamental early chapter on using STR profiles for identity and relationship.
8. Oppenheimer, S. J. et al, “Alpha-thalassaemia in Papua New Guinea,” Lancet 1 (1984) 424–26.
9. “Private Alleles Reveal Minor Ancestry,” blog post, May 24, 2021.
10. Schroeder, K. B., “A Private Allele Ubiquitous in the Americas,” Biology Letters 3 (2007) 218-23.
11. Sykes, Bryan, “The Origins of the Polynesians: An Interpretation from Mitochondrial Lineage Analysis,” American Journal of Human Genetics 57 (1995): 1463-1475.
12. Wyner, Nicole, Mark Barash and Dennis McNevin, “Forensic Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats and Their Potential Association with Phenotypes,” Frontiers in Genetics 11/884 (2020).

It is now also possible to ero in on one of your alleles in the Single Haplotype Report. https://dnaconsultants.com/product/repo ... type-test/

Sample unformated results... Go to product page for fulll sample color report....

Joan Jones
Single Haplotype Test – VWA=13

Jxxxx – 800xxxxx

Method
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from a specimen submitted to our accredited laboratory. Several different locations on separate chromosomes were used to create a genetic profile for the individual. Specifically, distinct genetic systems (loci) were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Nine standard CoDIS markers were tested, and the subject’s variations (alleles) were determined. One of these is studied further in this report.

Your Haplotype in Brief

Allele Populations with This Value World Freq. Top Population Match and Frequency
VWA=13 261/
524 0.8% Russia - Mongol (n = 42) 6.7%


Allele Top Metapopulation Match Freq.
VWA=13 Mongol 13.0%

Allele Top Megapopulation Match Freq.
VWA=13 Central Asian 5.4%


Background
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) are the focus of this test. They are segments of DNA with repeat units differing person to person and population to population. Variation in their repeats (alleles) makes them a useful tool for performing individual human identification, ancestry comparisons, ethnic composition and many other purposes.

Increasingly, STR haplotypes are being reviewed and catalogued much like genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in medicine. They represent the disentangled threads of your biogeographical diversity as a human being. In genetic genealogy, they are the cutting edge.

A haplotype is a variation on a single chromosome or genetic system that can be easily inherited. The exact variant is passed down and shared by all others who have that variation at that location. Because of the stability of DNA from generation to generation, all instances of the haplotype come from a common ancestor and are related, if remotely.

The mutation rate is about the same as for mitochondrial DNA—virtually unchanging. Thus the time depth is very deep. A haplotype usually reflects the last 5,000 years or more, since the end of the last Ice Age before the beginning of recorded history. All matches, on the contrary, are to living populations.

Distribution of This Haplotype

The following distribution maps of the haplotype were generated with atDNA 11.1.



From this world map it can be seen that the haplotype is weakly attested in Africa, most of India and most of southern Europe and the Mediterranean. It could be called a non-African haplotype.



From this detail, it can be seen that the haplotype has high matches among some U.S. Native Americans but not others (red dots). Prominent are White – U.S., Hispanic – U.S., Native American – Minnesota, U.S. – Shawnee – Admixed, U.S. Cherokee- Enrolled, Mississippi – Choctaw Indians, Brazilian – Non-Black – Florida, California – Miwok Indians and Native American – Alaska – Athabaskan.


From this medium range map it can be seen that the haplotype is very common among certain Central and South American Indians as well as U.S. Native tribes.

Top World Matches and Frequencies for VWA=13

Population 1/RMP Freq.
Russia - Mongol (n = 42)
7.500E+00 6.667E-02
Russia - Novgorod (n = 59)
8.429E+00 5.932E-02
U.S. Shawnee Admixed (n = 53)
1.060E+01 4.717E-02
Russia - Belgorod (n = 66)
1.267E+01 3.947E-02
Black - U.S. (n = 139)
1.389E+01 3.600E-02
Russia - Pskov (n = 62)
1.550E+01 3.226E-02
India - Nepali (n = 110) 1.613E+01 3.100E-02
Egyptian Berbers - Siwa (n = 98)
1.613E+01 3.100E-02
Black - Minnesota (n = 75)
1.667E+01 3.000E-02
Black - Minnesota (n = 157)
1.745E+01 2.866E-02
Colombian - North Pacific Coast (n = 123) 1.786E+01 2.800E-02
Black - Bahamian (n = 81)
1.800E+01 2.778E-02
India - Northeastern - Bihar - Rajput (n = 58)
1.852E+01 2.700E-02
Black - New York (n = 75)
1.873E+01 2.670E-02
U.S. /Canada Abenaki Indians (n=19)
1.900E+01 2.632E-02
India - Indo-Caucasoid - Brahmin (n = 110)
2.000E+01 2.500E-02
India - Indo-Caucasoid - Kayastha (n = 103)
2.000E+01 2.500E-02
Guinea-Bissau (n = 100)
2.000E+01 2.500E-02
Black - Texas (n = 151)
2.174E+01 2.300E-02
Black - Virginia (n = 100)
2.212E+01 2.260E-02
Black - Canadian (n = 179)
2.273E+01 2.200E-02
India - Lepcha (n = 48)
2.273E+01 2.200E-02
Guinea-Bissau (n = 92)
2.304E+01 2.170E-02
Turkish - Anatolia (n = 140) 2.381E+01 2.100E-02
Black - North Carolina (n = 383)
2.500E+01 2.000E-02
Ecuadorian - Black (n = 104)
2.632E+01 1.900E-02
Mozambique (n = 110)
2.778E+01 1.800E-02
Equatorial Guinea (n = 134))
2.778E+01 1.800E-02
Black - U.S. (n = 3,927)
2.959E+01 1.690E-02
Black - Connecticut (n = 182)
3.034E+01 1.648E-02
Guinea-Bissau (n = 92)
3.067E+01 1.630E-02
Black - U.S. (n = 195)
3.247E+01 1.540E-02
Spanish - Black - Central West African (n = 132)
3.311E+01 1.510E-02
Black - Florida (n = 50)
3.333E+01 1.500E-02
Black - Virginia (n = 194)
3.333E+01 1.500E-02
Black - Florida (n = 100)
3.333E+01 1.500E-02
Brazilian - Belem Amazonians (n = 325)
3.333E+01 1.500E-02
India - Pallar (n = 33)
3.333E+01 1.500E-02
Namibia - Windhoek (n = 195)
3.333E+01 1.500E-02
Brazilian - Black - Florida (n = 117)
3.499E+01 1.429E-02
Mozambique - Maputo (n = 154)
3.571E+01 1.400E-02
Portuguese - Porto region (n = 39)
3.846E+01 1.300E-02
Turkish (n = 500)
3.846E+01 1.300E-02
Omani (n = 79)
3.846E+01 1.300E-02
Black - Illinois (n = 78)
3.876E+01 1.290E-02
Equatorial Guinea (n = 129)
3.937E+01 1.270E-02
Black - Kentucky (n = 357)
3.968E+01 1.260E-02
Black - California (n= 100)
4.000E+01 1.250E-02
Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar - Lai (n = 92)
4.545E+01 1.100E-02
Eastern Turkey (n = 802) 4.545E+01 1.100E-02
Mozambique (n = 92)
4.587E+01 1.090E-02
Hispanic - Connecticut (n = 187)
4.673E+01 1.070E-02


Conclusion
The VWA=13 haplotype, while it probably began its life in Africa, like all other haplotypes, expanded most dramatically over time in Central Asian, Northern European and certain North American Indian populations. Because the Black matches in North America are African Americans and matches to Africans are weak we can assume its strong distribution in U.S. blacks is attributable to admixture with American Indians. The story of the Mongol Gene, common in Europeans and American Indians, comes to mind, as well as the discovery of the Ice Age Mal’ta Boy fossil in Siberia. For more information, references, and photos of any ancestry, click on the link or see All Populations.

Donald N. Yates, Ph. D.
Principal Investigator
DNA Consultants
April 26, 2024


References
1. Butler, John M. (2010). Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Authoritative treatment endorsed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
2. Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca and Francesco Cavalli-Sforza (1995). The Great Human Diasporas. New York: Basic. Wonderful, readable classic on human genetics and prehistory by father and son.
3. “Evolution and Ancestry: DNA Mutation Rates,” blog post, Oct. 25, 2012.
4. Jones, Martin, Unlocking the Past: How Archaeologists Are Rewriting Human History with Ancient DNA (New York: Arcade, 2016).
5. “Junk DNA? We Don’t Think So,” blog post Jan. 14, 2013.
6. Kanthaswamy, S. et al., “The Enhancement of the Native American CODIS STR Database for Use in Forensic Casework,” Office of Justice Programs, NCJ 253079 (2016) 17 pp.
7. “Mal’ta Boy Controversial Link between Europeans and Native Americans,” blog post June 1, 2020.
8. National Research Council (U.S.) Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science, “DNA Technology in Forensic Science,” (Washington: National Academies Press, 1992). Fundamental early chapter on using STR profiles for identity and relationship.
9. Oppenheimer, S. J. et al, “Alpha-thalassaemia in Papua New Guinea,” Lancet 1 (1984) 424–26. Classic report on haplotype later dubbed “the Polynesian gene.”
10. “Private Alleles Reveal Minor Ancestry,” blog post, May 24, 2021.
11. Schroeder, K. B., “A Private Allele Ubiquitous in the Americas,” Biology Letters 3 (2007) 218-23.
12. Sykes, Bryan, “The Origins of the Polynesians: An Interpretation from Mitochondrial Lineage Analysis,” American Journal of Human Genetics 57 (1995): 1463-1475.
13. Wyner, Nicole, Mark Barash and Dennis McNevin, “Forensic Autosomal Short Tandem Repeats and Their Potential Association with Phenotypes,” Frontiers in Genetics 11/884 (2020).

Here is the description of this new product, priced at $69 per haplotype.

Target a piece of your genetic inheritance with a Single Haplotype Report. This commissions a detailed description of any desired allele of interest in your profile, for instance D3=14 (Scottish?) or FGA=22 (Borneo Dyak?). It includes a distribution map, top matches with frequencies and narrative similar to those published on our website for the Helen Gene, King Tut Gene and all other Rare Genes from History. You can also order a Deluxe Certificate highlighting any individual haplotype.

Here is the link to order https://dnaconsultants.com/product/repo ... type-test/

Here is the lineup of all the alleles you test for with a DNA profile.

It is a standard STR profile reporting bi-allelic values for the following 16 loci from certified laboratory testing, also known as an autosomal profile:

LOCUS LOCUS
D8S1179 D2S1338
D21S11 D19S433
D7S820 VWA
CSFIPO TPOX
D3S1358 D18S51
THO1 D5S818
D13S317 FGA
D16S539 AMEL

Here is a sample 15-locus DNA profile. Although it is true you get one allele at each location from your mother and one from your father, the two values are not reported in such a way that one column is your mother and one your father. Below is shown the range of biallelic values for each locus. New forensic populations in the scientific literature report typical frequencies for all values in a reference population. An example, reporting more than 30 new Native American reference populations is: Ng et al. (2016) see https://dnaconsultants.com/news/tribal- ... ose-added/

The classic citation is: S. Kanthaswamy et al, “Native American Population Data Based on the Globalfiler Autosomal STR loci,” Forensic Science International: Genetics 24 (2016):e12-e13.

LOCI Alleles A & B Range
D8S1179 13 14 7 - 24
D21S11 28 29 12 - 41.2
D7S820 8 11 5 - 17
CSFIPO 10 11 6 - 18
D3S1358 15 18 9 - 21.1
THO1 6 9.3 4 - 13.3
D13S317 12 13 5 - 17
D16S539 12 12 4 - 20
D2S1338 19 24 10 - 28
D19S433 15 16 7 - 19.2
VWA 14 20 8 - 24
TPOX 8 8 5 - 16
D18S51 12 17 7 - 31
D5S818 10 11
FGA 21 22 6 - 48.2